This is an online portal with information on donations that were announced publicly (or have been shared with permission) that were of interest to Vipul Naik. The git repository with the code for this portal, as well as all the underlying data, is available on GitHub. All payment amounts are in current United States dollars (USD). The repository of donations is being seeded with an initial collation by Issa Rice as well as continued contributions from him (see his commits and the contract work page listing all financially compensated contributions to the site) but all responsibility for errors and inaccuracies belongs to Vipul Naik. Current data is preliminary and has not been completely vetted and normalized; if sharing a link to this site or any page on this site, please include the caveat that the data is preliminary (if you want to share without including caveats, please check with Vipul Naik). We expect to have completed the first round of development by the end of July 2024. See the about page for more details. Also of interest: pageview data on analytics.vipulnaik.com, tutorial in README, request for feedback to EA Forum.
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Country | United States |
| Affiliated organizations (current or former; restricted to potential donees or others relevant to donation decisions) | GiveWell Good Ventures |
| Best overview URL | https://causeprioritization.org/Open%20Philanthropy%20Project |
| Facebook username | openphilanthropy |
| Website | https://www.openphilanthropy.org/ |
| Donations URL | https://www.openphilanthropy.org/giving/grants |
| Twitter username | open_phil |
| PredictionBook username | OpenPhilUnofficial |
| Page on philosophy informing donations | https://www.openphilanthropy.org/about/vision-and-values |
| Grant application process page | https://www.openphilanthropy.org/giving/guide-for-grant-seekers |
| Regularity with which donor updates donations data | continuous updates |
| Regularity with which Donations List Website updates donations data (after donor update) | continuous updates |
| Lag with which donor updates donations data | months |
| Lag with which Donations List Website updates donations data (after donor update) | days |
| Data entry method on Donations List Website | Manual (no scripts used) |
| Org Watch page | https://orgwatch.issarice.com/?organization=Open+Philanthropy |
Brief history: Open Philanthropy (Open Phil for short) spun off from GiveWell, starting as GiveWell Labs in 2011, beginning to make strong progress in 2013, and formally separating from GiveWell as the "Open Philanthropy Project" in June 2017. In 2020, it started going by "Open Philanthropy" dropping the "Project" word.
Brief notes on broad donor philosophy and major focus areas: Open Philanthropy is focused on openness in two ways: open to ideas about cause selection, and open in explaining what they are doing. It has endorsed "hits-based giving" and is working on areas of AI risk, biosecurity and pandemic preparedness, and other global catastrophic risks, criminal justice reform (United States), animal welfare, and some other areas.
Notes on grant decision logistics: See https://www.openphilanthropy.org/blog/our-grantmaking-so-far-approach-and-process for the general grantmaking process and https://www.openphilanthropy.org/blog/questions-we-ask-ourselves-making-grant for more questions that grant investigators are encouraged to consider. Every grant has a grant investigator that we call the influencer here on Donations List Website; for focus areas that have Program Officers, the grant investigator is usually the Program Officer. The grant investigator has been included in grants published since around July 2017. Grants usually need approval from an executive; however, some grant investigators have leeway to make "discretionary grants" where the approval process is short-circuited; see https://www.openphilanthropy.org/giving/grants/discretionary-grants for more. Note that the term "discretionary grant" means something different for them compared to government agencies, see https://www.facebook.com/vipulnaik.r/posts/10213483361534364 for more.
Notes on grant publication logistics: Every publicly disclosed grant has a writeup published at the time of public disclosure, but the writeups vary significantly in length. Grant writeups are usually written by somebody other than the grant investigator, but approved by the grant investigator as well as the grantee. Grants have three dates associated with them: an internal grant decision date (that is not publicly revealed but is used in some statistics on total grant amounts decided by year), a grant date (which we call donation date; this is the date of the formal grant commitment, which is the published grant date), and a grant announcement date (which we call donation announcement date; the date the grant is announced to the mailing list and the grant page made publicly visible). Lags are a few months between decision and grant, and a few months between grant and announcement, due to time spent with grant writeup approval.
Notes on grant financing: See https://www.openphilanthropy.org/giving/guide-for-grant-seekers or https://www.openphilanthropy.org/about/who-we-are for more information. Grants generally come from the Open Philanthropy Fund, a donor-advised fund managed by the Silicon Valley Community Foundation, with most of its money coming from Good Ventures. Some grants are made directly by Good Ventures, and political grants may be made by the Open Philanthropy Action Fund. At least one grant https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/us-policy/criminal-justice-reform/working-families-party-prosecutor-reforms-new-york was made by Cari Tuna personally. The majority of grants are financed by the Open Philanthropy Project Fund; however, the source of financing of a grant is not always explicitly specified, so it cannot be confidently assumed that a grant with no explicit listed financing is financed through the Open Philanthropy Project Fund; see the comment https://www.openphilanthropy.org/blog/october-2017-open-thread?page=2#comment-462 for more information. Funding for multi-year grants is usually disbursed annually, and the amounts are often equal across years, but not always. The fact that a grant is multi-year, or the distribution of the grant amount across years, are not always explicitly stated on the grant page; see https://www.openphilanthropy.org/blog/october-2017-open-thread?page=2#comment-462 for more information. Some grants to universities are labeled "gifts" but this is a donee classification, based on different levels of bureaucratic overhead and funder control between grants and gifts; see https://www.openphilanthropy.org/blog/october-2017-open-thread?page=2#comment-462 for more information.
Miscellaneous notes: Most GiveWell-recommended grants made by Good Ventures and listed in the Open Philanthropy database are not listed on Donations List Website as being under Open Philanthropy. Specifically, GiveWell Incubation Grants are not included (these are listed at https://donations.vipulnaik.com/donor.php?donor=GiveWell+Incubation+Grants with donor GiveWell Incubation Grants), and grants made by Good Ventures to GiveWell top and standout charities are also not included (these are listed at https://donations.vipulnaik.com/donor.php?donor=Good+Ventures%2FGiveWell+top+and+standout+charities with donor Good Ventures/GiveWell top and standout charities). Grants to support GiveWell operations are not included here; they can be found at https://donations.vipulnaik.com/donor.php?donor=Good+Ventures%2FGiveWell+support with donor "Good Ventures/GiveWell support".The investment https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/us-policy/farm-animal-welfare/impossible-foods in Impossible Foods is not included because it does not fit our criteria for a donation, and also because no amount was included. All other grants publicly disclosed by open philanthropy that are not GiveWell Incubation Grants or GiveWell top and standout charity grants should be included. Grants disclosed by grantees but not yet disclosed by Open Philanthropy are not included; some of them may be listed at https://issarice.com/open-philanthropy-project-non-grant-funding
| Cause area | Count | Median | Mean | Minimum | 10th percentile | 20th percentile | 30th percentile | 40th percentile | 50th percentile | 60th percentile | 70th percentile | 80th percentile | 90th percentile | Maximum |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 47 | 1,214,437 | 2,461,405 | 40,000 | 150,000 | 225,000 | 500,000 | 825,000 | 1,214,437 | 1,738,500 | 2,350,000 | 2,970,000 | 5,000,000 | 17,500,000 |
| Scientific research | 46 | 1,214,437 | 2,504,044 | 40,000 | 150,000 | 225,000 | 495,000 | 1,021,318 | 1,214,437 | 1,738,500 | 2,368,300 | 2,970,000 | 5,000,000 | 17,500,000 |
| Biosecurity and pandemic preparedness | 1 | 500,000 | 500,000 | 500,000 | 500,000 | 500,000 | 500,000 | 500,000 | 500,000 | 500,000 | 500,000 | 500,000 | 500,000 | 500,000 |
If you hover over a cell for a given cause area and year, you will get a tooltip with the number of donees and the number of donations.
Note: Cause area classification used here may not match that used by donor for all cases.
| Cause area | Number of donations | Number of donees | Total | 2021 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Scientific research (filter this donor) | 46 | 38 | 115,186,029.00 | 1,500,000.00 | 34,431,825.00 | 23,390,766.00 | 47,549,544.00 | 8,313,894.00 |
| Biosecurity and pandemic preparedness (filter this donor) | 1 | 1 | 500,000.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 500,000.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Total | 47 | 38 | 115,686,029.00 | 1,500,000.00 | 34,431,825.00 | 23,890,766.00 | 47,549,544.00 | 8,313,894.00 |
Graph of spending by cause area and year (incremental, not cumulative)
Graph of spending by cause area and year (cumulative)
If you hover over a cell for a given subcause area and year, you will get a tooltip with the number of donees and the number of donations.
For the meaning of “classified” and “unclassified”, see the page clarifying this.
| Subcause area | Number of donations | Number of donees | Total | 2021 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Scientific research | 18 | 16 | 36,965,878.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 17,410,766.00 | 16,717,500.00 | 2,837,612.00 |
| Scientific research/Biosecurity and pandemic preparedness | 1 | 1 | 17,500,000.00 | 0.00 | 17,500,000.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Scientific research/malaria/gene drive testing and governance | 1 | 1 | 17,500,000.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 17,500,000.00 | 0.00 |
| Scientific research/transformative R01 | 4 | 4 | 10,900,544.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 10,900,544.00 | 0.00 |
| Scientific research/transformative basic science | 4 | 4 | 7,648,300.00 | 0.00 | 6,868,300.00 | 780,000.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Scientific research/human health and wellbeing | 5 | 5 | 7,148,525.00 | 0.00 | 2,148,525.00 | 5,000,000.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Scientific research/transformative basic science/stem cell research | 1 | 1 | 4,000,000.00 | 0.00 | 4,000,000.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Scientific research/tools and techniques | 2 | 2 | 3,750,000.00 | 1,500,000.00 | 2,250,000.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Scientific research/neurobiology | 1 | 1 | 2,970,000.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2,970,000.00 |
| Scientific research/malaria/gene drive | 1 | 1 | 2,350,000.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2,350,000.00 | 0.00 |
| Scientific research/malaria/gene drive testing | 1 | 1 | 1,228,845.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1,228,845.00 |
| Scientific research/malaria/mosquito cryopreservation | 1 | 1 | 1,214,437.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1,214,437.00 |
| Scientific research/trasnformative basic science | 1 | 1 | 1,170,000.00 | 0.00 | 1,170,000.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Biosecurity and pandemic preparedness/Scientific research | 1 | 1 | 500,000.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 500,000.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Scientific research/human health and wellbeing/pain studies | 1 | 1 | 495,000.00 | 0.00 | 495,000.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Scientific research/transformative basic science/Innocentive challenge | 2 | 2 | 200,000.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 200,000.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Scientific research/antiviral and inhibitor work | 1 | 1 | 81,500.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 81,500.00 | 0.00 |
| Scientific research/plant pathology | 1 | 1 | 63,000.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 63,000.00 |
| Classified total | 47 | 38 | 115,686,029.00 | 1,500,000.00 | 34,431,825.00 | 23,890,766.00 | 47,549,544.00 | 8,313,894.00 |
| Unclassified total | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Total | 47 | 38 | 115,686,029.00 | 1,500,000.00 | 34,431,825.00 | 23,890,766.00 | 47,549,544.00 | 8,313,894.00 |
Graph of spending by subcause area and year (incremental, not cumulative)
Graph of spending by subcause area and year (cumulative)
| Donee | Cause area | Metadata | Total | 2021 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Target Malaria (filter this donor) | 17,500,000.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 17,500,000.00 | 0.00 | ||
| Sherlock Biosciences (filter this donor) | 17,500,000.00 | 0.00 | 17,500,000.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
| University of Washington (Institute for Protein Design) (filter this donor) | 11,367,500.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 11,367,500.00 | 0.00 | ||
| Arizona State University (filter this donor) | FB Tw WP Site | 6,421,402.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 6,421,402.00 | 0.00 | |
| MIT Synthetic Neurobiology Group (filter this donor) | 5,970,000.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 3,000,000.00 | 0.00 | 2,970,000.00 | ||
| University of California, Berkeley (filter this donor) | FB Tw WP Site | 5,200,000.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 200,000.00 | 5,000,000.00 | 0.00 | |
| EicOsis Human Health, Inc. (filter this donor) | 5,000,000.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 5,000,000.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
| VasoRx (filter this donor) | 4,700,000.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 4,700,000.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
| Kyoto University (filter this donor) | 4,000,000.00 | 0.00 | 4,000,000.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
| University of Southern California (filter this donor) | FB Tw WP Site | 3,988,500.00 | 0.00 | 2,250,000.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1,738,500.00 | |
| Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (filter this donor) | WP | 2,934,400.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2,934,400.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
| Duke University (filter this donor) | FB Tw WP Site | 2,631,671.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2,550,171.00 | 81,500.00 | 0.00 | |
| University of Michigan (filter this donor) | FB Tw WP Site | 2,500,000.00 | 0.00 | 2,500,000.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
| University of California, Los Angeles (filter this donor) | FB Tw WP Site | 2,368,300.00 | 0.00 | 2,368,300.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
| New Partnership for Africa’s Development (filter this donor) | 2,350,000.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2,350,000.00 | 0.00 | ||
| University of California, San Francisco (filter this donor) | 2,346,318.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1,521,318.00 | 825,000.00 | 0.00 | ||
| CDC Foundation (filter this donor) | Tw Site | 2,258,938.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1,044,501.00 | 0.00 | 1,214,437.00 | |
| University of Notre Dame (filter this donor) | FB Tw WP Site | 2,054,142.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2,054,142.00 | 0.00 | |
| California Institute of Technology (filter this donor) | FB Tw WP Site | 2,000,000.00 | 0.00 | 2,000,000.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
| Life Sciences Research Foundation (filter this donor) | 1,950,000.00 | 0.00 | 1,170,000.00 | 780,000.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
| Boston Children's Hospital (filter this donor) | 1,695,376.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1,695,376.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
| Rockefeller University (filter this donor) | FB Tw WP Site | 1,600,000.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1,600,000.00 | 0.00 | |
| Purdue University (filter this donor) | FB Tw WP Site | 1,500,000.00 | 1,500,000.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
| Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (filter this donor) | FB Tw WP Site | 1,228,845.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1,228,845.00 | |
| University Health Network (filter this donor) | WP | 1,134,975.00 | 0.00 | 1,134,975.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
| Engineers Without Borders USA (filter this donor) | 500,000.00 | 0.00 | 500,000.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
| Research Institute of Industrial Economics (filter this donor) | 500,000.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 500,000.00 | ||
| Rita Allen Foundation (filter this donor) | 495,000.00 | 0.00 | 495,000.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
| Future of Research (filter this donor) | 450,000.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 150,000.00 | 300,000.00 | ||
| Center for Global Development (filter this donor) | FB Tw WP Site | 333,550.00 | 0.00 | 333,550.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
| Rescuing Biomedical Research (filter this donor) | 299,112.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 299,112.00 | ||
| Science Philanthropy Alliance (filter this donor) | 225,000.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 225,000.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
| protocols.io (filter this donor) | 200,000.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 200,000.00 | 0.00 | ||
| Yale University (filter this donor) | FB Tw WP Site | 180,000.00 | 0.00 | 180,000.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
| The University of Minnesota, Twin Cities (filter this donor) | 150,000.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 150,000.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
| Innovative Genomics Institute (filter this donor) | 63,000.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 63,000.00 | ||
| Georgia Institute of Technology (filter this donor) | FB Tw WP Site | 50,000.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 50,000.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
| Mamoreruinochi wo Mamorukai (filter this donor) | 40,000.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 40,000.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
| Total | -- | -- | 115,686,029.00 | 1,500,000.00 | 34,431,825.00 | 23,890,766.00 | 47,549,544.00 | 8,313,894.00 |
Graph of spending by donee and year (incremental, not cumulative)
Graph of spending by donee and year (cumulative)
If you hover over a cell for a given influencer and year, you will get a tooltip with the number of donees and the number of donations.
For the meaning of “classified” and “unclassified”, see the page clarifying this.
| Influencer | Number of donations | Number of donees | Total | 2021 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chris Somerville|Heather Youngs | 24 | 22 | 65,471,566.00 | 0.00 | 30,213,300.00 | 23,890,766.00 | 11,367,500.00 |
| Heather Youngs | 6 | 6 | 16,410,519.00 | 0.00 | 1,134,975.00 | 0.00 | 15,275,544.00 |
| Alexander Berger | 2 | 2 | 2,583,550.00 | 0.00 | 2,583,550.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Claire Zabel | 1 | 1 | 2,350,000.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2,350,000.00 |
| Heather Youngs|Chris Somerville | 2 | 2 | 2,000,000.00 | 1,500,000.00 | 500,000.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Chris Somerville | 2 | 2 | 906,500.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 906,500.00 |
| Nick Beckstead | 1 | 1 | 150,000.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 150,000.00 |
| Classified total | 38 | 33 | 89,872,135.00 | 1,500,000.00 | 34,431,825.00 | 23,890,766.00 | 30,049,544.00 |
| Unclassified total | 9 | 9 | 25,813,894.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 17,500,000.00 |
| Total | 47 | 38 | 115,686,029.00 | 1,500,000.00 | 34,431,825.00 | 23,890,766.00 | 47,549,544.00 |
Graph of spending by influencer and year (incremental, not cumulative)
Graph of spending by influencer and year (cumulative)
If you hover over a cell for a given disclosures and year, you will get a tooltip with the number of donees and the number of donations.
For the meaning of “classified” and “unclassified”, see the page clarifying this.
| Disclosures | Number of donations | Number of donees | Total | 2017 | 2016 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kevin Esvelt | 1 | 1 | 17,500,000.00 | 17,500,000.00 | 0.00 |
| Adam Marblestone | 1 | 1 | 2,970,000.00 | 0.00 | 2,970,000.00 |
| Dario Amodei | 1 | 1 | 2,970,000.00 | 0.00 | 2,970,000.00 |
| Holden Karnofsky | 1 | 1 | 2,970,000.00 | 0.00 | 2,970,000.00 |
| Nick Beckstead | 1 | 1 | 2,970,000.00 | 0.00 | 2,970,000.00 |
| Classified total | 2 | 2 | 20,470,000.00 | 17,500,000.00 | 2,970,000.00 |
| Unclassified total | 45 | 37 | 95,216,029.00 | 30,049,544.00 | 5,343,894.00 |
| Total | 47 | 38 | 115,686,029.00 | 47,549,544.00 | 8,313,894.00 |
Graph of spending by disclosures and year (incremental, not cumulative)
Graph of spending by disclosures and year (cumulative)
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| Title (URL linked) | Publication date | Author | Publisher | Affected donors | Affected donees | Affected influencers | Document scope | Cause area | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Technical Updates to Our Global Health and Wellbeing Cause Prioritization Framework | 2021-11-19 | Peter Favaloro Alexander Berger | Open Philanthropy | Open Philanthropy Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation | GiveWell | Broad donor strategy | Global health and development|Scientific research | In this lengthy blog post, Open Philanthropy describes its updated thinking on the value of improving life expectancy versus increasing income, the implication for its bar for grants (roughly 900-1,100x cash in their new units, corresponding to 7-8x GiveDirectly in GiveWell's units), the tradeoff between investing to grow the portfolio and spending it quickly, in order to meet the goal of Good Ventures to spend down the fortune during their lifetime, the possible role of scientific research to uncover new opportunities, the role of other donors, the scalability of known highly cost-effective interventions, and many related topics. | |
| Our Progress in 2020 and Plans for 2021 | 2021-04-29 | Holden Karnofsky | Open Philanthropy | Open Philanthropy | Broad donor strategy | AI safety|Biosecurity and pandemic preparedness|Criminal justice reform|Animal welfare|Scientific research|Effective altruism|COVID-19 | The post compares progress made by Open Philanthropy in 2020 against plans laid out in https://www.openphilanthropy.org/blog/our-progress-2019-and-plans-2020 and then lays out plans for 2021. The post notes that grantmaking, including grants to GiveWell top charities, was over $200 million. The post reviews the following from 2020: continued grantmaking, worldview investigations, other cause prioritization work, hiring and other capacity building, impact evaluation, outreach to external donors, and plans for 2021. | ||
| Thanks for putting up with my follow-up questions. Out of the areas you mention, I'd be very interested in ... (GW, IR) | 2019-09-10 | Ryan Carey | Effective Altruism Forum | Founders Pledge Open Philanthropy | OpenAI Machine Intelligence Research Institute | Broad donor strategy | AI safety|Global catastrophic risks|Scientific research|Politics | Ryan Carey replies to John Halstead's question on what Founders Pledge shoud research. He first gives the areas within Halstead's list that he is most excited about. He also discusses three areas not explicitly listed by Halstead: (a) promotion of effective altruism, (b) scholarships for people working on high-impact research, (c) more on AI safety -- specifically, funding low-mid prestige figures with strong AI safety interest (what he calls "highly-aligned figures"), a segment that he claims the Open Philanthropy Project is neglecting, with the exception of MIRI and a couple of individuals. | |
| GiveWell’s Top Charities Are (Increasingly) Hard to Beat | 2019-07-09 | Alexander Berger | Open Philanthropy | Open Philanthropy | GiveDirectly Against Malaria Foundation Schistosomiasis Control Initiative Target Malaria JustLeadershipUSA | GiveWell | Broad donor strategy | Global health and development|Criminal justice reform|Scientific research | In the blog post, Alexander Berger discusses how, originally, Open Philanthropy Project donations for near-term human well-being (primarily in the areas of criminal justice reform and scientific research) are compared against a cost-effectiveness benchmark of direct cash transfers, which is set as 100x (every $1 donated should yield $100 in benefits). However, since GiveWell has recently made its cost-effectiveness calculations for top charities more thorough, and now estimates that top charities are 5-15x as cost-effective as cash (or 500-1500x, with 1000x as a median), Berger is now comparing all the existing near-term human well-being grants against the 1000x benchmarks. He finds that, using the back-of-the-envelope calculations (BOTECs) done at the time of justifying the grants, many of the criminal justice reform grants do not clear the bar; in total only $32 million of the grants clears the bar, and about half of it is a single grant to Target Malaria. Berger links to https://docs.google.com/document/d/1GsE2_TNWn0x6MWL1PTdkZT2vQNFW8VFBslC5qjk4sgo/edit?ts=5cc10604 for some sample BOTECs. |
| Explaining Our Bet on Sherlock Biosciences’ Innovations in Viral Diagnostics | 2019-06-10 | Heather Youngs Chris Somerville | Open Philanthropy | Open Philanthropy | Sherlock Biosciences | Single donation documentation | Scientific research | In this new-style blog post, the reasons for the Open Philanthropy Project grant https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/miscellaneous/sherlock-biosciences-research-viral-diagnostics to Sherlock Biosciences are explained in a conversational style. The conversation participants include Michael Levine (Communications Officer) and the grant investigators Chris Somerville and Heather Youngs. | |
| With Launch Of New CRISPR Company, Competition Extends To Diagnostics | 2019-03-21 | Ellie Kincaid | Forbes | Open Philanthropy | Sherlock Biosciences | Launch | Scientific research | The article describes the launch of Sherlock Biosciences, a company that aims to use CRISPR technology for diagnostics. It mentions the $17.5 million donation https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/miscellaneous/sherlock-biosciences-research-viral-diagnostics plus undisclosed investment from the Open Philanthropy Project, as well as separate investment. Together, Sherlock Biosciences has raised $35 million. | |
| Giving in the Light of Reason | 2018-05-17 | Marc Gunther | Stanford Social Innovation Review | Open Philanthropy Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Future Justice Fund Good Ventures | The Humane League Direct Action Everywhere Target Malaria University of Washington (Institute for Protein Design) Alliance for Safety and Justice The Marshall Project | Third-party coverage of donor strategy | Criminal justice reform|Animal welfare|Scientific research | An in-depth profile of the Open Philanthropy Project and its grantmaking, with a particular focus on discussion of the top grants in animal welfare and scientific research. The organizational history, grantmaking process, and internal culture are also discussed. Referenced in https://nonprofitchronicles.com/2018/05/18/the-most-unorthodox-big-foundation-in-america/ by the same author. | |
| This Powerhouse Funder is Still New to Scientific Research. Where Are Grants Going? | 2018-04-17 | Paul Karon | Inside Philanthropy | Open Philanthropy | MIT Synthetic Neurobiology Group Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center University of Washington (Institute for Protein Design) | Third-party coverage of donor strategy | Scientific research | The article discusses grantmaking by the Open Philanthropy Project in the domain of scientific research, noting that the grants were often made in areas overlapping with other interests (such as global health). The large donation to the Institute for Protein Design in connection with influenza research is highlighted. | |
| Our Progress in 2017 and Plans for 2018 | 2018-03-20 | Holden Karnofsky | Open Philanthropy | Open Philanthropy | Broad donor strategy | Criminal justice reform|Animal welfare|Scientific research|Cause prioritization | The post compares progress made by the Open Philanthropy Project in 2017 against plans laid out in https://www.openphilanthropy.org/blog/our-progress-2016-and-plans-2017 and then lays out plans for 2018. The post notes that grantmaking was sustained at the expected level of over $100 million, and that hints of impact are being seen in the areas where they would be expected, namely criminal justice reform and animal welfare. Deep independent investigations, such as https://www.openphilanthropy.org/files/Focus_Areas/Criminal_Justice_Reform/The_impacts_of_incarceration_on_crime_10.pdf by David Roodman for criminal justice reform and https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/us-policy/farm-animal-welfare/how-will-hen-welfare-be-impacted-transition-cage-free-housing by Ajeya Cotra for animal welfare, are highlighted. Scientific research is identified as an area of strong progress, with the transformative R01 second chance program https://www.openphilanthropy.org/blog/our-second-chance-program-nih-transformative-research-applicants highlighted. The separation from GiveWell was completed in 2017. For 2018, hiring is a top priority, while the level of giving is expected to be maintained at the current level of over $100 million. | ||
| The world’s most intellectual foundation is hiring. Holden Karnofsky, founder of GiveWell, on how philanthropy can have maximum impact by taking big risks. | 2018-02-27 | Robert Wiblin Kieran Harris Holden Karnofsky | 80,000 Hours | Open Philanthropy | Broad donor strategy | AI safety|Global catastrophic risks|Biosecurity and pandemic preparedness|Global health and development|Animal welfare|Scientific research | This interview, with full transcript, is an episode of the 80,000 Hours podcast. In the interview, Karnofsky provides an overview of the cause prioritization and grantmaking strategy of the Open Philanthropy Project, and also notes that the Open Philanthropy Project is hiring for a number of positions. | ||
| A Research Funder Knocks on the NIH's Door Looking for Ideas—And Big Grants Flow | 2018-01-11 | Tate Williams | Inside Philanthropy | Open Philanthropy | Arizona State University University of Notre Dame Rockefeller University University of California, San Francisco | Third-party coverage of donor strategy | Scientific research | The article discusses the Open Philanthropy Project second chance funding program for rejected applicants of the National Institutes of Health transformative R01 program. | |
| Our ‘Second Chance’ Program for NIH Transformative Research Applicants | 2017-12-20 | Heather Youngs | Open Philanthropy | Open Philanthropy | Arizona State University University of Notre Dame Rockefeller University Univesity of California San Francisco | Broad donor strategy | Scientific research/transformative R01 | The blog post describes a "second chance" program that the Open Philanthropy Project ran for rejected applications to the National Institutes of Health transformative R01 program https://commonfund.nih.gov/tra Four grants were made based on this, totaling $10.8 million. The grants were also covered in Nature at https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-017-08795-0 | |
| Update on Investigating Neglected Goals in Biological Research | 2017-11-30 | Nick Beckstead | Open Philanthropy | Open Philanthropy Good Ventures/not recommended by GiveWell or Open Philanthropy Project | Target Malaria | Broad donor strategy | Scientific research,Global health,Biosecurity and pandemic preparedness,Agriculture | The blog post describes the way the Open Philanthropy Project is identifying neglected goals in biological research. Previously the hope was to investigate sub-areas deeply and produce write-ups. Now, the approach is more "opportunistic": rather than do public write-ups, staff look out for good opportunities for shovel-ready or highly promising grants in the specific topics identified as having strong potential. | |
| Our Progress in 2016 and Plans for 2017 | 2017-03-14 | Holden Karnofsky | Open Philanthropy | Open Philanthropy | Broad donor strategy | Scientific research|AI safety | The blog post compares progress made by the Open Philanthropy Project in 2016 against plans laid out in https://www.openphilanthropy.org/blog/our-progress-2015-and-plans-2016 and then lays out plans for 2017. The post notes success in scaling up grantmaking, as hoped for in last year's plan. The spinoff from GiveWell is still not completed because it turned out to be more complex than expected, but it is expected to be finished in mid-2017. Open Phil highlights the hiring of three Scientific Advisors (Chris Somerville, Heather Youngs, and Daniel Martin-Alarcon) in mid-2016, as part of its scientific research work. The organization also plans to focus more on figuring out how to decide how much money to allocate between different cause areas, with Karnofsky's worldview diversification post https://www.openphilanthropy.org/blog/worldview-diversification also highlighted. There is no plan to scale up staff or grantmmaking (unlike 2016, when the focus was to scale up hiring, and 2015, when the focus was to scale up staff). | ||
| Daniel May: "Open Science: little room for more funding." | 2017-02-15 | Daniel May | Oxford Prioritisation Project | Oxford Prioritisation Project Laura and John Arnold Foundation Open Philanthropy | Review of current state of cause area | Scientific research | The summary states: "I consider open science as a cause area, by reviewing Open Phil’s published work, as well as some popular articles and research, and assessing the field for scale, neglectedness, and tractability. I conclude that the best giving opportunities will likely be filled by foundations such as LJAF and Open Phil, and recommend that the Oxford Prioritisation Project focusses elsewhere." Also available as a Google Doc at https://docs.google.com/document/d/13wsMAugRacu52EPZo6-7NJh4QuYayKyIbjChwU0KsVU/edit?usp=sharing and at the Effective Altruism Forum at http://effective-altruism.com/ea/17g/daniel_may_open_science_little_room_for_more/ (10 comments) | ||
| Our Progress in 2015 and Plans for 2016 | 2016-04-29 | Holden Karnofsky | Open Philanthropy | Open Philanthropy | Broad donor strategy | Scientific research|AI safety | The blog post compares progress made by the Open Philanthropy Project in 2015 against plans laid out in https://www.openphilanthropy.org/blog/open-philanthropy-project-progress-2014-and-plans-2015 and then lays out plans for 2016. The post notes the following in relation to its 2015 plans: it succeeded in hiring and expanding the team, but had to scale back on its scientific research ambitions in mid-2015. For 2016, Open Phil plans to focus on scaling up its grantmaking and reducing its focus on hiring. AI safety is declared as an intended priority for 2016, with Daniel Dewey working on it full-time, and Nick Beckstead and Holden Karnofsky also devoting significant time to it. The post also notes plans to continue work on separating the Open Philanthropy Project from GiveWell. | ||
| Open Philanthropy Project: Progress in 2014 and Plans for 2015 | 2015-03-12 | Holden Karnofsky | Open Philanthropy | Open Philanthropy | Broad donor strategy | Global catastrophic risks|Scientific research|Global health and development | The blog post compares progress made by the Open Philanthropy Project in 2015 against plans laid out in https://www.openphilanthropy.org/blog/givewell-labs-progress-2013-and-plans-2014 and lays out further plans for 2015. The post says that progress in the areas of U.S. policy and global catastrophic risks was substantial and matched expectations, but progress in scientific research and global health and development was less than hoped for. The plan for 2015 is to focus on growing more in the domain of scientific research and postpone work on global health and development (thus freeing up staff capacity). There is much more detail in the post. |
Graph of top 10 donees (for donations with known year of donation) by amount, showing the timeframe of donations
| Donee | Amount (current USD) | Amount rank (out of 47) | Donation date | Cause area | URL | Influencer | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Purdue University (Earmark: Douglas Brubaker) | 1,500,000.00 | 22 | Scientific research/tools and techniques | https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/purdue-preclinical-data-research-brubaker | Heather Youngs Chris Somerville | Intended use of funds (category): Direct project expenses Intended use of funds: Grant "to support research led by Dr. Douglas Brubaker on developing a computational model to translate preclinical data in mouse disease models to humans. [...] Dr. Brubaker intends to use this funding to develop a computational model that uses mouse data from an Alzheimer’s disease study conducted by Washington University to attempt to predict the study’s human trial outcomes." Donor reason for selecting the donee: The grant page says: "It is not uncommon that preclinical data from mice fail to translate to similar preclinical results in humans, limiting the applicability of mouse data to human medicine. [...] Our scientific research team believes that Dr. Brubaker’s computational model, if successful, could improve drug discovery and reduce reliance on mouse experiments." Other notes: Intended funding timeframe in months: 60. |
|
| California Institute of Technology | 2,000,000.00 | 18 | Scientific research/transformative basic science | https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/california-institute-technology-research-reproductive-biology-magdalena-zernicka-goetz | Chris Somerville Heather Youngs | Intended use of funds (category): Direct project expenses Intended use of funds: The grant page says the grant is "to support research by Professor Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz on reproductive biology. Dr. Zernicka-Goetz’s proposed research would focus on understanding the molecular processes by which a single cell gives rise to all of the cell types and organ/tissue structures that comprise a fully developed embryo." Donor reason for selecting the donee: The grant page says: "Progress in this area could eventually enable people with fertility challenges to have children and could eventually help reduce the incidence of a wide variety of high-burden disorders (such as heart disease, chronic pain, depression, and Alzheimer’s disease) and promote other positive outcomes. Dr. Zernicka-Goetz’s research is amongst the most promising our science team has encountered so far in this field." Other notes: Intended funding timeframe in months: 48; announced: 2019-09-05. |
|
| Engineers Without Borders USA | 500,000.00 | 31 | Scientific research/human health and wellbeing | https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/human-health-and-wellbeing/engineers-without-borders-off-grid-refrigeration | Heather Youngs Chris Somerville | Donation process: Discretionary grant Intended use of funds (category): Direct project expenses Intended use of funds: Grant "to support the Affordable Off-Grid Refrigeration Challenge. The competition will seek to develop proof of concept prototypes for refrigerators and ice-makers that have the potential to provide sustainable and affordable refrigeration for off-grid, developing world communities. Engineers Without Borders USA believes that affordable off-grid refrigeration will help reduce illnesses and deaths from vaccine-preventable diseases, food poisoning, and malnutrition, and that making refrigeration more widely available will also diminish food waste, enable small farmers to grow higher value crops, and reduce the burden on women by eliminating the need to travel to the market daily for perishable food." Donor reason for selecting the donee: Grant made for the goal of advancing human health and wellbeing, and likely for the same reasons that the grantee thinks the project has value, namely: "affordable off-grid refrigeration will help reduce illnesses and deaths from vaccine-preventable diseases, food poisoning, and malnutrition, and that making refrigeration more widely available will also diminish food waste, enable small farmers to grow higher value crops, and reduce the burden on women by eliminating the need to travel to the market daily for perishable food." Other notes: Announced: 2019-07-19. |
|
| Life Sciences Research Foundation | 1,170,000.00 | 25 | Scientific research/trasnformative basic science | https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/miscellaneous/life-sciences-research-foundation-young-investigators-2019 | Chris Somerville Heather Youngs | Donation process: Discretionary grant Intended use of funds (category): Direct project expenses Intended use of funds: The grant page says: "The funds will support six postdoctoral fellows for three years apiece. The fellows have proposed research projects investigating Alzheimer’s disease, infectious disease dynamics, forebrain development, cross-species transmission of bird flu, muscle stem cell function, and immune system evolution." Other notes: Intended funding timeframe in months: 36; announced: 2019-06-26. |
|
| Kyoto University | 4,000,000.00 | 8 | Scientific research/transformative basic science/stem cell research | https://www.openphilanthropy.org/giving/grants/kyoto-university-research-reproductive-biology-mitinori-saitou | Chris Somerville Heather Youngs | Grant to support research by Professor Mitinori Saitou on reproductive biology. Dr. Saitou has been at the forefront of research into methods of causing induced pluripotent stem cells to develop into oocytes in mice. Progress in this area could eventually enable people with fertility challenges to have children and could eventually help reduce the incidence of a wide variety of high-burden disorders (such as heart disease, chronic pain, depression, and Alzheimer’s disease) and lead to other beneficial outcomes. Announced: 2019-04-23. | |
| University of California, Los Angeles | 2,368,300.00 | 14 | Scientific research/transformative basic science | https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/miscellaneous/ucla-epigenetic-clock-research | Chris Somerville Heather Youngs | Intended use of funds (category): Direct project expenses Intended use of funds: Grant "to UCLA Professor Steve Horvath and collaborators to pursue a series of experiments directed toward understanding why an algorithm based on the presence or absence of epigenetic modifications at several hundred sites in the human genome, which they call the “epigenetic clock,” is able to predict age with very high accuracy. Dr. Horvath and his collaborators plan to systematically alter the activity of genes that are thought to affect the clock in mice, to test whether they can slow or accelerate the clock and, if they can, what effects perturbation of the clock may have on the aging processes in the mice. They will also investigate why some human syndromes are associated with accelerated aging, and will study how the clock works in various types of cultured human cells." Donor reason for selecting the donee: The grant page says "The research will seek to understand how the clock measures age and whether changes to the associated processes can have useful impact on aging in humans." Other notes: Intended funding timeframe in months: 36; announced: 2019-06-22. |
|
| Rita Allen Foundation | 495,000.00 | 34 | Scientific research/human health and wellbeing/pain studies | https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/miscellaneous/rita-allen-foundation-fellowship-support | Chris Somerville Heather Youngs | Donation process: Discretionary grant Intended use of funds (category): Direct project expenses Intended use of funds: Grant to provide three years in flexible support to three scholars identified by the American Pain Society in collaboration with the Rita Allen Foundation as excellent researchers in the fields of pain, neuroscience, anesthesiology and neurology. The scholars are: Jordan McCall, assistant professor, Washington University St. Louis; Peter Grace, assistant professor, MD Anderson Center Texas; and Vivianne Tawfik, assistant professor, Stanford University. Donor reason for donating that amount (rather than a bigger or smaller amount): Amount likely determined by the number of researchers being funded and the total cost of funding them for three years. No explicit discussion of reason for amount on the grant page Other notes: Intended funding timeframe in months: 36; announced: 2019-06-26. |
|
| University of Michigan | 2,500,000.00 | 13 | Scientific research/transformative basic science | https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/university-michigan-research-on-mammalian-gamete-development | Chris Somerville Heather Youngs | Intended use of funds (category): Direct project expenses Intended use of funds: Grant to support research by Professor Sue Hammoud on mammalian gamete development. Dr. Hammoud’s proposed research would be specifically focused on development of gametes from stem cells. Donor reason for selecting the donee: The grant page says: "Progress in this area could eventually enable people with fertility challenges to have children and could eventually help reduce the incidence of a wide variety of high-burden disorders (such as heart disease, chronic pain, depression, and Alzheimer’s disease) and promote other positive outcomes. Dr. Hammoud’s research is amongst the most promising our science team has encountered so far in this field." The grant follows up on an April 2016 grant https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/miscellaneous/university-southern-california-genomic-research-methods Other notes: Intended funding timeframe in months: 48; announced: 2019-05-18. |
|
| Yale University | 180,000.00 | 41 | Scientific research/human health and wellbeing | https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/human-health-and-wellbeing/yale-university-school-of-medicine-vascular-therapy | Chris Somerville Heather Youngs | Donation process: Discretionary grant Intended use of funds (category): Direct project expenses Intended use of funds: The grant page says that the grant is "to support research on the modification of vascular permeability by monoclonal antibodies against key regulatory proteins. Increased permeability might allow medicines to cross the blood-brain barrier and could accelerate the development of new therapies for neurogenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s Disease, while decreased permeability could be useful in treating conditions such as swelling in stroke victims and sepsis." Other notes: Announced: 2019-07-18. |
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| University Health Network | 1,134,975.00 | 26 | Scientific research/human health and wellbeing | https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/university-health-network-preterm-birth-research | Heather Youngs | Grant to the University Health Network, a Canadian research center affiliated with the University of Toronto, to support a randomized controlled trial investigating the efficacy of an intervention to reduce preterm birth in Malawi. Preterm birth is a leading cause of global under-five mortality, resulting in over 1 million deaths each year. The research will be led by Kevin Kain and Chloe McDonald. Announced: 2019-04-26. | |
| Center for Global Development | 333,550.00 | 35 | Scientific research/human health and wellbeing | https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/miscellaneous/center-for-global-development-gene-drive-research | Alexander Berger | Discretionary grant to support research on the assessment and regulation of gene drive technology. CGD plans to use this grant to identify key political and social considerations that may inform global decisions on the development and deployment of gene drive technology, particularly with respect to malaria. CGD will conduct interviews and site visits to develop a better understanding of regulatory, social, and political considerations at play in different contexts. The research will be led by Gyude Moore, CGD visiting fellow and former Minister of Public Works in Liberia. Announced: 2019-02-15. | |
| Sherlock Biosciences | 17,500,000.00 | 1 | Scientific research/Biosecurity and pandemic preparedness | https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/miscellaneous/sherlock-biosciences-research-viral-diagnostics | Chris Somerville Heather Youngs | Donation process: The Open Philanthropy Project's scientific advisors Chris Somerville and Heather Youngs were hopeful about viral diagnostics after hearing of research coming out of Feng Zhang's lab (Zhang would later co-found Sherlock Biosciences). When they ran into David Walt, they asked him if his new company (Sherlock Biosciences) would be interested in developing a viral diagnostic, and after consulting with his team, he said they would. This started the process of vetting Sherlock Biosciences for the grant Intended use of funds (category): Direct project expenses Intended use of funds: Grant to support the development of a diagnostic platform to identify any virus present in a patient sample. Donor reason for selecting the donee: Chris Somerville and Heather Youngs have been interested in viral diagnostics because development of this technology could both reduce threats from viral pandemics and also benefit health care broadly. The selection of Sherlock Biosciences was because of their team and technology, which made it plausible that they could develop this technology Other notes: The Open Philanthropy Project also recommended an additional investment in Sherlock Biosciences. Sherlock recently spun out of Harvard University’s Wyss Institute and the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard. The launch of Sherlock Biosciences, and the funding by the Open Philanthropy Project, are discussed in Forbes at https://www.forbes.com/sites/elliekincaid/2019/03/21/with-launch-of-new-crispr-company-competition-extends-to-diagnostics/ More background explanation related to the grant is in the conversation blog post https://www.openphilanthropy.org/blog/explaining-our-bet-sherlock-biosciences-innovations-viral-diagnostics. Intended funding timeframe in months: 60; announced: 2019-03-21. |
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| University of Southern California | 2,250,000.00 | 16 | Scientific research/tools and techniques | https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/Social-Science-Genetic-Association-Consortium-general-support | Alexander Berger | Intended use of funds (category): Direct project expenses Intended use of funds: Grant to support the Social Science Genetic Association Consortium (SSGAC). Approximately 20% of this grant is intended to support work on bioethics and the public discussion of these topics. Donor reason for selecting the donee: The grant page says: "Our understanding is that SSGAC has received substantially less funding to date than comparable consortia (such as in psychiatric genetics), but still produces high-quality, replicable research and serves as a model of careful public communication, most notably through their discussions of frequently asked questions." Other notes: Announced: 2019-05-18. |
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| The University of Minnesota, Twin Cities | 150,000.00 | 42 | Scientific research/transformative basic science/Innocentive challenge | https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/miscellaneous/university-of-minnesota-nanomaterials-research-led-by-prof-claudia-schmidt-dannert | Chris Somerville Heather Youngs | Grant to support nanomaterials research led by Professor Claudia Schmidt-Dannert. Professor Schmidt-Dannert’s proposal, titled “Genetically programmable, adhesive nanomaterials as patterned and functional surface coatings,” is the grand prize winner of the Open Philanthropy Project's Innocentive challenge https://www.innocentive.com/ar/challenge/9934081 on bioinspiration and unusual biology. The Open Philanthropy Project science team believes Professor Schmidt-Dannert could be able to design new materials with applications such as anti-fouling, anti-corrosion, and anti-freeze coatings, as well as coatings for biomedical applications. Announced: 2019-02-12. | |
| Georgia Institute of Technology | 50,000.00 | 46 | Scientific research/transformative basic science/Innocentive challenge | https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/miscellaneous/georgia-institute-of-technology-saad-bhamla | Chris Somerville Heather Youngs | Grant to support research led by Dr. Saad Bhamla. Dr. Bhamla’s proposal, “Feathers as extreme water pumps,” was submitted in response to the Open Philanthropy Project's Innocentive challenge https://www.innocentive.com/ar/challenge/9934081 on bioinspiration and unusual biology. While this funding is not restricted to the execution of that proposal, the Open Philanthropy Project science team believes Dr. Bhamla's lab conducts other creative research, and wants to reward the spirit of creative science. Announced: 2019-02-12. | |
| EicOsis Human Health, Inc. | 5,000,000.00 | 5 | Scientific research/human health and wellbeing | https://www.openphilanthropy.org/giving/grants/eicosis-human-health-inc-pain-research | Chris Somerville Heather Youngs | Grant to support clinical trials on a novel, non-opioid, oral therapy for neuropathic and inflammatory pain. The Open Philanthropy Project believes alternate therapies for chronic pain could help address the epidemic of opioid abuse and addiction. EicOsis previously received Blueprint funding https://neuroscienceblueprint.nih.gov/ for neuroscience research from the National Institutes of Health. This seed-stage investment is intended to support continued early research and development in the hopes that EicOsis can subsequently raise additional funds from other investors. Announced: 2019-02-15. | |
| University of California, Berkeley | 200,000.00 | 39 | Scientific research | https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/miscellaneous/university-of-california-berkeley-research-on-drought-tolerant-rice-by-prof-brian-staskawicz | Chris Somerville Heather Youngs | Discretionary grant over three years to support the editing of the rice genome for increased drought tolerance led by Professor Brian Staskawicz. The work involves using CRISPR modifications to increase drought tolerance on Indian rice, and the goal is to address the problem of erratic rice yields which have negative impoact on the livelihoods of 100 million small farmers. The experiments are funded in part my a match from the Innovative Genomics Institute. This follows the plant pathology workshop grant of December 2016 https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/miscellaneous/uc-berkeley-plant-pathology-workshop. Announced: 2018-10-23. | |
| CDC Foundation | 1,044,501.00 | 27 | Scientific research | https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/miscellaneous/cdc-foundation-malaria-control-research-project-2018 | Chris Somerville Heather Youngs | Grant to support research on malaria control. This funding will be used to support work on the cryopreservation of mosquito larvae (which, if successful, would make it easier for researchers to maintain different strains of mosquitoes) and on RNA interference (which, if successful, would make it easier for researchers to avoid releasing female mosquitoes — which could potentially spread malaria — as part of field trials). Related previous grant https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/miscellaneous/cdc-foundation-malaria-control-research (September 2016) and related grant to Target Malaria https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research (May 2017). Announced: 2018-10-30. | |
| Duke University | 2,550,171.00 | 12 | Scientific research | https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/miscellaneous/duke-university-CRISPR-Based-Epigenome-Editing-Tools | Chris Somerville Heather Youngs | Grant over three years to Duke University to develop tools to apply epigenome editing to refine genome wide association studies (GWAS). The work will be led by Charles Gersbach, the Rooney Family Associate Professor of Biomedical Engineering. This funding will support research to develop CRISPR-based epigenetic tools to interrogate thousands of regions of DNA, allowing for more nuanced studies of genomic regions identified through GWAS. The grant will also fund testing and verification of the tools by identifying loci implicated in schizophrenia, a poorly understood disorder. Announced: 2018-10-30. | |
| Boston Children's Hospital | 1,695,376.00 | 20 | Scientific research | https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/miscellaneous/boston-childrens-hospital-chronic-pain-research | Chris Somerville Heather Youngs | Grant over four years to conduct basic research into the epigenetics of chronic pain. The work will be led by Yi Zhang, a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator and the Fred Rosen Chair Professor of Genetics at Harvard Medical School and Boston Children’s Hospital. This funding will support research to identify 1) specific neurons in a region of the brain involved in processing environmental stimulation into associative learning; 2) changes in gene expression and epigenetic modification in neurons associated with chronic pain; and 3) feedback and modulatory processes that may be involved in resolving pain signals and neuronal sensitivity. Announced: 2018-11-27. | |
| University of California, San Francisco | 1,021,318.00 | 28 | Scientific research | https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/miscellaneous/university-of-california-san-francisco-chronic-pain-research | Chris Somerville Heather Youngs | Grant over three years to support basic research on understanding the brain mechanisms that process pain messages and that contribute to the transition from acute to chronic pain after injury. The work will be led by Allan Basbaum, PhD, Professor and Chair of UCSF’s Department of Anatomy. This grant will allow UCSF to pursue an answer to the question of how the brain interprets various types of pain signals (e.g., heat, cold, mechanical) and itch, how these signals are regulated by different anesthetics and how they are altered when there is injury. Resolving these questions could facilitate the design of novel drugs that can block pain without also blocking consciousness. Announced: 2018-09-21. | |
| Life Sciences Research Foundation | 780,000.00 | 30 | Scientific research/transformative basic science | https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/miscellaneous/life-sciences-research-foundation-young-investigators | Chris Somerville Heather Youngs | Donation process: Discretionary grant Intended use of funds (category): Direct project expenses Intended use of funds: Grant "to support early-career investigators. The funds will support four postdoctoral fellows for three years apiece. The fellows have proposed research projects investigating immunology, virology, neurobiology, and tuberculosis." Donor retrospective of the donation: The followup 2019 grant suggests that this grant would be considered a success Other notes: Intended funding timeframe in months: 36; announced: 2018-05-03. |
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| Science Philanthropy Alliance | 225,000.00 | 38 | Scientific research | https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/miscellaneous/science-philanthropy-alliance-general-support | Chris Somerville Heather Youngs | Discretionary grant over three years to join the Science Philanthropy Alliance, "a community of funders who work together to inspire new, emerging and current philanthropists to dedicate a portion of their philanthropy to basic science.". Announced: 2018-05-15. | |
| VasoRx | 4,700,000.00 | 7 | Scientific research | https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/miscellaneous/vasorx-atherosclerosis-investment | Chris Somerville Heather Youngs | Investment to test a new therapy for vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and pulmonary hypertension. The original amount was $1.6 million. In January 2019, $3.1 million was addded to the amount, and the total on the website was updated to reflect this. Announced: 2018-04-26. | |
| Mamoreruinochi wo Mamorukai | 40,000.00 | 47 | Scientific research | https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/miscellaneous/mamoreruinochi-wo-mamorukai-legal-aid-for-scientists-in-japan | Chris Somerville Heather Youngs | Discretionary grant made by the Open Philanthropy Action Fund. Grantee, which translates roughly as Protect the Lives Protectable, is a Japanese organization that protects science journalists and scientists from attacks, insults, and litigation. Announced: 2018-07-06. | |
| MIT Synthetic Neurobiology Group | 3,000,000.00 | 9 | Scientific research | https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/miscellaneous/massachusetts-institute-technology-synthetic-neurobiology-group-2018 | Chris Somerville Heather Youngs | Grant over two years. Grantee group led by Ed Boyden. Followup to March 2016 grant, and made for similar reasons as that first grant: https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/miscellaneous/massachusetts-institute-technology-synthetic-neurobiology-group. Announced: 2018-03-08. | |
| University of California, San Francisco | 500,000.00 | 31 | Biosecurity and pandemic preparedness/Scientific research | https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/miscellaneous/ucsf-research-antiviral-activity-hsp90-inhibitors | Chris Somerville Heather Youngs | Grant to support research led by Dr. Raul Andino to test the broad spectrum antiviral potential of several drugs. The grant will allow Dr. Andino to carry out tests of the effectiveness of two commercial-quality drugs against five different viruses. Original grant amount of $320,000 in February 2018, and an additional $180,000 added in June 2018 (grant page updated around 2018-06-29). Announced: 2018-03-24. | |
| Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center | 2,934,400.00 | 11 | Scientific research | https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/miscellaneous/beth-israel-deaconess-medical-center-clinical-trial-sepsis-therapy | Chris Somerville Heather Youngs | Grant to support Dr. Michael Donnino to conduct a multicenter clinical trial of a therapy for severe sepsis. Announced: 2018-01-30. | |
| protocols.io | 200,000.00 | 39 | Scientific research | https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/miscellaneous/protocols-io-platform-improvements | Heather Youngs | Discretionary grant to ZappyLab, Inc (doing business as “protocols.io”) to support improvements to the protocols.io platform, which provides open access for science methods. Announced: 2017-12-08. | |
| University of Washington (Institute for Protein Design) | 11,367,500.00 | 3 | Scientific research | https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/miscellaneous/university-of-washington-universal-flu-vaccine | Chris Somerville Heather Youngs | Donation process: In the blog post https://www.openphilanthropy.org/blog/questions-we-ask-ourselves-making-grant Michael Levine describes the process of deciding the grant: "Through ongoing conversations, the original grant proposal focusing on the development of a universal flu vaccine evolved into an expanded grant incorporating work on a computational protein design system that we believe could have much broader utility if it makes it possible to rapidly design new vaccines or antiviral drugs." Intended use of funds (category): Direct project expenses Intended use of funds: Grant to support research on the use of computational protein design to develop a universal influenza vaccine. This work will be led by UW Professor David Baker, Ph.D., and UW Assistant Professor Neil King, Ph.D. In addition, part of this funding is intended to improve the Rosetta molecular modeling and design software originally developed in Baker’s lab. UW Assistant Professor Frank DiMaio, Ph.D., and others will work to improve Rosetta to better predict the properties of proteins Donor reason for donating that amount (rather than a bigger or smaller amount): The blog post https://www.openphilanthropy.org/blog/questions-we-ask-ourselves-making-grant suggests a scope increase for the grant from being for a universal flu vaccine to being for improving computational protein design techniques as well. Other notes: The grant is discussed in https://ssir.org/articles/entry/giving_in_the_light_of_reason as part of an overview of the Open Philanthropy Project grantmaking strategy. Intended funding timeframe in months: 60; announced: 2018-04-04. |
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| Arizona State University | 6,421,402.00 | 4 | Scientific research/transformative R01 | https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/miscellaneous/arizona-state-university-canine-clinical-trial-multivalent-cancer-vaccine | Heather Youngs | Grant to be used in support of a canine clinical trial to assess the effectiveness of a multivalent, preventative cancer vaccine. The trial will test the cancer-prevention efficacy of a multi-valent frameshift peptide (FSP) vaccine, developed by Dr. Stephen Albert Johnston, in healthy, middle-aged pet dogs. The trial will be conducted under the direction of Dr. Douglas Thamm, Director of Clinical Research at the Flint Animal Cancer Center at Colorado State University. Part of a set of "second chance" grants by the Open Philanthropy Project for some rejected applications for the NIH Transformative R01 program https://commonfund.nih.gov/tra discussed at https://www.openphilanthropy.org/blog/our-second-chance-program-nih-transformative-research-applicants and https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-017-08795-0. Announced: 2017-12-20. | |
| University of California, Berkeley | 5,000,000.00 | 5 | Scientific research | https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/miscellaneous/uc-berkeley-aging-related-research-conboy | Heather Youngs | Grant over five years to support research on the basic biology of aging-related diseases and impairments, led by Dr. Irina Conboy. Grant is a result of https://www.openphilanthropy.org/research/cause-reports/mechanisms-aging (investigation into mechanisms of aging). Announced: 2017-11-03. | |
| Future of Research | 150,000.00 | 42 | Scientific research | https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/miscellaneous/future-research-exit-grant-2017 | Nick Beckstead | Exit grant to allow grantee to find time for alternative funding sources. Follows a $300,000 grant made in 2016 for two years. Announced: 2017-08-21. | |
| University of California, San Francisco | 825,000.00 | 29 | Scientific research/transformative R01 | https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/miscellaneous/ucsf-liver-regeneration-experiments | Chris Somerville | Grant over three years to the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) to support research into the development of a stem cell treatment method for repairing or replacing damaged human livers. The work will be led by Tammy T. Chang, MD, PhD, assistant professor in the UCSF Department of Surgery. Part of a set of "second chance" grants by the Open Philanthropy Project for some rejected applications for the NIH Transformative R01 program https://commonfund.nih.gov/tra discussed at https://www.openphilanthropy.org/blog/our-second-chance-program-nih-transformative-research-applicants and https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-017-08795-0. Announced: 2017-12-20. | |
| Duke University | 81,500.00 | 44 | Scientific research/antiviral and inhibitor work | https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/miscellaneous/duke-university-timothy-haystead-hsp70 | Chris Somerville | Grant for work that will be led by Dr. Timothy Haystead, Professor of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology at the Duke University School of Medicine. Funding from this grant will allow Dr. Haystead to pay a specialized company to determine the molecular structure of the human Hsp70i protein in a complex with HS-72, and to hire a summer intern to support his antiviral and inhibitor work. The original grant amount was $49,500. In May 2018, $32,000 to the original award amount for additional work on the project. Announced: 2017-08-16. | |
| University of Notre Dame | 2,054,142.00 | 17 | Scientific research/transformative R01 | https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/miscellaneous/university-notre-dame-nanopore-protein-sequencing-development | Heather Youngs | Grant over three years to the University of Notre Dame to support the development of an instrument that uses a sub-nanometer-diameter pore (i.e. a sub-nanopore) to read the amino acid sequence of whole protein molecules. The collaborative effort led by Dr. Gregory Timp involves researchers at the University of San Diego and Johns Hopkins University. Part of a set of "second chance" grants by the Open Philanthropy Project for some rejected applications for the NIH Transformative R01 program https://commonfund.nih.gov/tra discussed at https://www.openphilanthropy.org/blog/our-second-chance-program-nih-transformative-research-applicants and https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-017-08795-0. Announced: 2017-12-20. | |
| Target Malaria | 17,500,000.00 | 1 | Scientific research/malaria/gene drive testing and governance | https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/miscellaneous/target-malaria-general-support | -- | Donation process: As explained in https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/miscellaneous/target-malaria-general-support#Our_process the donation process included conversations with Target Malaria, the Gates Foundation, Kevin Esvelt, Stephanie James, and several other people, and review by scientific advisors Chris Somerville and Daniel Martin-Alarcon Intended use of funds (category): Organizational general support Intended use of funds: Grant to help the project develop and prepare for the potential deployment of gene drive technologies to help eliminate malaria in Sub-Saharan Africa, if feasible, ethical, safe, approved by the regulatory authorities, and supported by the affected communities. This grant will support training and outreach programs, research into the potential ecological effects of releasing gene drives, operational development, regulatory support, and an unrestricted funding reserve. Donor reason for selecting the donee: As described in https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/miscellaneous/target-malaria-general-support#Case_for_the_grant (1) Gene drives, and Target Malaria's work in particular, seem important and tractable as a malaria elimination strategy, (2) Target Malaria has a lot of room for more funding, (3) Even a few weeks of speed-up of the work would likely have good cost-effectiveness. More explicit quantification is available in the back-of-the-envelope calculation (BOTEC) at https://docs.google.com/document/d/1GsE2_TNWn0x6MWL1PTdkZT2vQNFW8VFBslC5qjk4sgo/edit?ts=5cc10604#heading=h.g3c8stqygqae Quantification related to (3) is also in the spreadsheet https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1E8qu474nUUvPjK21oBqGkdQ9FuXanigOgSGfumhL3_c/edit#gid=1061406209 Donor reason for donating that amount (rather than a bigger or smaller amount): The reasoning for the amount is not articulated, but it is likely related to the budget https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/miscellaneous/target-malaria-general-support#Budget_and_proposed_activities as well as the cost-effectiveness calculations. One factor helping with the size of the grant is that the organization is also heavily funded by the Gates Foundation (grant of $36 million over 3.5 years) so that the Open Philanthropy Project will be under 50% of the grantee's funds, and can also piggyback on th vetting already done by the Gates Foundation Donor reason for donating at this time (rather than earlier or later): The timing is probably affected by two factors: (a) The belief that even a few weeks of speed-up of the work would likely have good cost-effectiveness, qunaitified in the spreadsheet https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1E8qu474nUUvPjK21oBqGkdQ9FuXanigOgSGfumhL3_c/edit#gid=1061406209 (b) The timing of the Gates Foundation grant and the scaling up of the project Intended funding timeframe in months: 48 Donor thoughts on making further donations to the donee: Key questions for follow-up are listed at https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/miscellaneous/target-malaria-general-support#Key_questions_for_follow-up but there is no explicit discussion of follow-up grants Donor retrospective of the donation: In the July 2019 blog post https://www.openphilanthropy.org/blog/givewells-top-charities-are-increasingly-hard-beat the grant is mentioned as one of the few grants that crosses the 1000x cost-effectiveness barrier in expected cost-effectiveness as of the time of making the grant, and also as accounting for over half of the total money volume of such grants Other notes: The grant is discussed in https://ssir.org/articles/entry/giving_in_the_light_of_reason as part of an overview of the Open Philanthropy Project grantmaking strategy. Announced: 2017-05-17. |
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| New Partnership for Africa’s Development | 2,350,000.00 | 15 | Scientific research/malaria/gene drive | https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/miscellaneous/new-partnership-africa-s-development-general-support | Claire Zabel | Grant to the Planning and Coordinating Agency, the technical arm of the African Union, to support the evaluation, preparation, and potential deployment of gene drive technologies in some African regions. Part of a set of grants related to gene drives; see https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/miscellaneous/target-malaria-general-support for a larger grant to Target Malaria in the same domain and at around the same time. Announced: 2017-05-26. | |
| Rockefeller University | 1,600,000.00 | 21 | Scientific research/transformative R01 | https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/miscellaneous/rockefeller-university-viral-histone-mimics | Heather Youngs | Grant to support research on viral histone mimics led by Professor Alexander Tarakhovsky. Professor Tarakhovsky has discovered a novel mechanism through which viruses may influence host gene expression: he found that in influenza H3N2, the non-structural 1 (NS1) protein acts to downregulate antiviral genes (i.e. weaken host defense systems) by mimicking human histone 3, which interferes with normal histone regulation in the host cell. Professor Tarakhovsky and his collaborators plan to use this grant to further explore this mechanism in the life cycle of the yellow fever virus and to determine whether the mechanism occurs in other host-virus interactions. Part of a set of "second chance" grants by the Open Philanthropy Project for some rejected applications for the NIH Transformative R01 program https://commonfund.nih.gov/tra discussed at https://www.openphilanthropy.org/blog/our-second-chance-program-nih-transformative-research-applicants and https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-017-08795-0 Original grant amount $1.5 million; an additional $100,000 added to grant in July 2018 (page update: 2018-07-10). Announced: 2017-12-20. | |
| Innovative Genomics Institute | 63,000.00 | 45 | Scientific research/plant pathology | https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/miscellaneous/uc-berkeley-plant-pathology-workshop | -- | Money for a plant pathology workshop. Grantee housed at the University of California, Berkeley. Announced: 2017-03-27. | |
| CDC Foundation | 1,214,437.00 | 24 | Scientific research/malaria/mosquito cryopreservation | https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/miscellaneous/cdc-foundation-malaria-control-research | -- | Supplement to grant https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/miscellaneous/target-malaria-general-support to Target Malaria; see writeup for latter to understand grant reasoning. Announced: 2017-05-17. | |
| Research Institute of Industrial Economics | 500,000.00 | 31 | Scientific research | https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/miscellaneous/research-institute-of-industrial-economics-genomic-research-methods | -- | Grant to the Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN) to support the Social Science Genetic Association Consortium (SSGAC). IFN is a private, non-profit research institute in Stockholm, Sweden, with around 40 researchers. Previous grant https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/miscellaneous/university-southern-california-genomic-research-methods (2016-04) to the University of Southern California also supported SSGAC. Donor notes: "Our understanding is that SSGAC has received substantially less funding to date than comparable consortia (such as in psychiatric genetics), but still produces high-quality, replicable research and serves as a model of careful public communication". Announced: 2018-04-19. | |
| Foundation for the National Institutes of Health | 1,228,845.00 | 23 | Scientific research/malaria/gene drive testing | https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/miscellaneous/foundation-national-institutes-health-working-group | -- | Grant to support ~20 experts recommending a consensus on field testing gene drives to fight malaria. This recommendation will include guidelines on how to safely field test gene drives for population modification and population suppression of vector mosquitoes in order to determine whether they could safely and ethically be deployed widely. FNIH and Gates Foundation have been the two big players in this area so far. Announced: 2016-08-01. | |
| Future of Research | 300,000.00 | 36 | Scientific research | https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/miscellaneous/future-research-general-support | -- | Grantee is a new nonprofit with a stated mission “to improve the scientific research enterprise.” Grant is a preliminary one and Open Phil plans to revisit the organization after 2 years of progress. Announced: 2016-04-29. | |
| University of Southern California | 1,738,500.00 | 19 | Scientific research | https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/miscellaneous/university-southern-california-genomic-research-methods | -- | Intended use of funds (category): Direct project expenses Intended use of funds: Grant to support the Social Science Genetic Association Consortium and the Behavioral and Health Donor reason for selecting the donee: The grant page notes that Open Phil hopes the grant will advance scientific tools and techniques, by: (1) devekoping cross-cuttingly useful advances in analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS), (2) combining data from multiple sources and developing polygenic sources that can be distributed freely as public goods Donor retrospective of the donation: Open Phil would make a followup grant https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/miscellaneous/research-institute-of-industrial-economics-genomic-research-methods to the Research Institute of Industral Economics, also to support the SSGAC, and a later grant https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/Social-Science-Genetic-Association-Consortium-general-support to USC to again support SSGAC Other notes: Announced: 2018-04-19. |
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| MIT Synthetic Neurobiology Group | 2,970,000.00 | 10 | Scientific research/neurobiology | https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/miscellaneous/massachusetts-institute-technology-synthetic-neurobiology-group | -- | Grant is to expand research at MIT Media Lab’s Center for Extreme Bionics. Among other things, the grantee is working on developing new methods and techniques for mapping the brain. Announced: 2016-05-09. | |
| Rescuing Biomedical Research | 299,112.00 | 37 | Scientific research | https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/scientific-research/miscellaneous/princeton-university-rescuing-biomedical-research | -- | Grantee is a project based in Princeton University. Goal is to establish a more “predictable and stable” federal budget for research, and to improve grant funding so that trainees are funded by dedicated training grants. Followup conversation with Shirley Tilghman of grantee organization at https://www.openphilanthropy.org/sites/default/files/Shirley_Tilghman_05-19-16_%28public%29.pdf on 2016-05-19 and with Christopher Pickett of grantee organization at https://www.openphilanthropy.org/sites/default/files/Christopher_Pickett_11-16-16_%28public%29.pdf on 2016-11-16. Announced: 2016-01-27. |
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